Gravitational collapse is a theoretical concept in astrophysics and cosmology that describes the process by which a massive object, such as a star, collapses under its own gravitational force. This collapse can lead to the formation of black holes, neutron stars, or other compact stellar remnants. Gravitational collapse is a key concept in understanding the evolution and fate of massive objects in the universe. The process is governed by the balance between the inward force of gravity and the outward forces of pressure and other physical properties of matter. Various astrophysical phenomena, such as supernovae, are believed to be caused by gravitational collapse. Studying gravitational collapse helps scientists understand the physics of extreme environments and the formation of structures in the universe.